Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a condition that occurs when the nerves and/or blood vessels in the thoracic outlet, which is the area between your collarbone and first rib, become compressed. This compression can cause pain, numbness, and weakness in the arm and hand, and can also affect the neck and shoulder.
There are three main types of TOS: neurogenic, vascular, and nonspecific. Neurogenic TOS is the most common type and is caused by compression of the brachial plexus, which is a network of nerves that originate in the neck and shoulder and control the arm and hand. Vascular TOS is caused by compression of the subclavian artery or vein, which supply blood to and from the arm. Nonspecific TOS is a catch-all term that is used when the cause of the compression is unclear.
Symptoms of TOS can vary depending on the type and severity of the compression. Some common symptoms include:
The exact cause of TOS is not always clear, but there are several risk factors that can increase the likelihood of developing the condition. These include:
Diagnosis of TOS typically involves a physical exam and imaging tests, such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans. Treatment options vary depending on the type and severity of the condition, but may include:
If you are experiencing symptoms of TOS, it is important to seek medical attention to receive an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. With proper care, most people with TOS are able to manage their symptoms and maintain a good quality of life.
